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trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Real-time global stock trend and futures data to help you plan investment strategies for long-term returns. Sign up for 【 - Free Consultation 】’s Wonder Theory science newsletter.Explore the universe with news on fascinating discoveries, scientific advancements and more.
trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Free real-time stock index quotes to help you quickly seize market opportunities and achieve capital growth. The warm, damp environments of your showerhead and toothbrush are the perfect breeding ground formicrobes, and a new study has identified hundreds ofvirusesthat live there, showing the vast biodiversity to be found in the average home.
trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Real-time updates of global stock indices and futures trends to help you plan precise investments. These viruses, however, are not the kind that will give you the common cold or flu (or worse). Calledbacteriophages, or phages for short, they are the natural enemy of bacteria. Each tiny, tripod-looking phage has evolved to hunt, attack and gobble up a specific bacterial species.
“The number of viruses that we found is absolutely wild,” Erica Hartmann, an associate professor at Northwestern University’s McCormick School of Engineering who led the study, said in a statement. “We found many viruses that we know very little about and many others that we have never seen before. It’s amazing how much untapped biodiversity is all around us.”
trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Precise stock selection to help you successfully plan investment strategies for stable returns. Researchers from the university studied samples ofbiofilms– the glue-like communities of microorganisms attached to a surface – from 34 toothbrushes and 92 showerheads to reach their conclusions, which were published Wednesday in the journalFrontiers in Microbiomes.
trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Free real-time market data to help you quickly recover and avoid losses. They had already collected the samples from a previous study that investigated the types of bacteria inhabiting these items we use every day.
“One of things … that we’ve started to be able to do is, from those same types of samples, look at not just which bacteria are there, but actually which bacteriophages,” Hartmann told 【 - Free Consultation 】.
trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Real-time global stock, futures, and forex data to help you master market dynamics. Related articleSuperbug crisis threatens to kill 10 million per year by 2050. Scientists may have a solution
Bacteriophages are already being used in clinical trials as a potential solution to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. By infecting and replicating inside a host bacterium, phages could kill pathogens and form the basis of new drugs to treat antibiotic-resistant or superbugs.
“There’s also interest in designing maybe more sophisticated drugs, so that instead of taking a broad-spectrum antibiotic and wiping out your entire microbiome, you would be able to take this drug that would only affect the pathogen and leave the rest of your microbiome intact,” Hartmann said.
In the United States alone, more than 2.8 million antimicrobial-resistant infections occur each year, while the World Health Organization labels the problem as one of the biggest global public health threats since it could make standard medical treatments like surgery, caesarean sections and chemotherapy much riskier.
By sequencing the bacteria’s DNA, and then examining their corresponding phages using some “fairly complicated computer analyses,” the researchers “have been able to tell us a massive amount about what’s actually in there,” said Joe Parker, a senior research fellow at the UK’sNational Biofilms Innovation Centre,who wasn’t involved in the study.
In total, researchers say they identified 614 different viruses on the samples, though Hartmann added that there were probably many more present, since almost every sample contained a unique constellation of microbes.
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Parker notes that researchers probably identified a “minimum of 22 different bacterial viruses (phages) across these samples and … depending on where you draw the line in terms of believing the data analysis, which is a computer model, there could be upwards of 600 different types of phages.”
On the showerheads, many of the microbes originated from water sources, while those on toothbrushes came from a mixture of the human mouth and the surrounding environment.
“There’s just an enormous amount of microbial diversity. And for every bacterium, there’s potentially tens or hundreds or even thousands of viruses that infect it,” Hartmann said, noting that viruses mutate very quickly, too.
trans india house impex limited (523752) vs yyy ✌️【Financial Strategy】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time stock indices, futures data, and metals, energy market data to help you seize the best investment opportunities. She hypothesized that a bacterium in your mouth could transfer to your toothbrush, taking its viruses with it – and these could keep evolving on the toothbrush.
“And so, it’s possible that there are viruses that are basically endemic to your toothbrush and are found nowhere else on earth,” she said. “We don’t know that, that’s just one hypothesis that might explain the enormous amount of variety.”
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“Microbes are everywhere all the time … We wouldn’t be able to digest our food or fend off infection if we didn’t have our microbes,” Hartmann said. “As much as we might initially react with a little ick factor, I think it’s really important to approach the microbial world with a sense of wonder and curiosity that these are actually things that do an enormous amount of good and potentially harbor an enormous potential for biotechnology.”
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