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why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Real-time global market indices and futures data to help you capture market opportunities and achieve stable growth. When the remains of an early human ancestor were found in Ethiopia in 1974, the discovery provided an unprecedented look at a species that lived millions of years before humans walked the Earth.

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why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time global stock and futures data to help you easily capture market movements. Now, researchers are using the skeleton to figure out how this ancient human relative moved 3.2 million years ago. The findings of the study were published Tuesday in the journalRoyal Society Open Science.

Lucy was shorter than the average human, reaching about 3.3 feet (1 meter) in height, had an ape-like face and a brain about one-third the size of a human brain.

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Real-time updates of global stock indices and futures trends to help you plan precise investments. Analysis of Lucy’s fossil over the past 20 years has suggested that she and others of her species walked upright. But lead study author Dr. Ashleigh L.A. Wiseman, a research associate at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, wanted to take things a step further and recreate a component of Lucy that didn’t fossilize: her muscles.

“The defining aspect of what makes us human is the ability to walk on two legs, but understanding how and why this evolved has been debated for a long time,” said Wiseman, who is the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellow and Isaac Newton Trust Fellow at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

“With recent advances in computational modeling, it is now possible to investigate these questions. Of course, in the fossil record we are left looking at the bare bones. But muscles animate the body — they allow you to walk, run, jump and even dance. So, if we want to understand how our ancestors moved, we first need to reconstruct their soft tissues.”

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Precise stock selection to help you successfully plan investment strategies for stable returns. Studying fossils of Australopithecus afarensis can provide insight into the evolution of bipedalism, or walking upright, and when it emerged in early human ancestors. Wiseman’s reconstructions of Lucy’s muscles could also be used to determine how Lucy moved in other ways.

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free real-time market data to help you quickly recover and avoid losses. Wiseman and her colleagues developed a method called polygonal muscle modeling and initially used it toreconstruct the missing soft tissuesof extinct reptiles called archosaurs that lived 247 million years ago.

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Real-time global stock, futures, and forex data to help you master market dynamics. Then, Wiseman applied to same method to Lucy for the first time to understand the shape and size of her muscles and how she used them to move, assessing whether it was like the crouched waddle of an upright chimpanzee or the stance of a human.

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free real-time global stock indices and data to help you grasp stock market trends and achieve capital growth. Wiseman used scans of Lucy’s fossil and data from humans to build a three dimensional model of the leg and pelvis muscles of Australopithecus afarensis. After collecting data from MRI and CT scans of muscle and bone structures in modern humans, the researcher digitally created a musculoskeletal model.

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time stock indices, futures data, and metals, energy market data to help you seize the best investment opportunities. Then, she used scans of Lucy’s fossil to determine how her joints were articulated and moved in life. Wiseman layered in 36 muscles in each leg using the “muscle map” from the modern human data, combined with “muscle scarring,” or the discernible traces of muscle connection that are detectable in fossils.

Lucy’s skeleton differs from humans because she had shorter legs and a more platelike pelvis (when viewed from the top down).

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Real-time global stock, futures, and forex data to help you quickly assess market trends and achieve stable returns. Wiseman’s model showed that while a modern human’s thigh was about 50% muscle mass, with the rest attributed to fat and bone, Lucy’s thigh would have been nearly 75% muscle. Overall, Lucy’s leg muscles were much larger and took up more space than those of modern humans.

“Lucy lived 3.2 million years ago on the African savannah. She would need to have walked over uneven ground and explored a mixture of forested environments and open grassland,” Wiseman said.

“Larger muscle mass typically means greater muscle force, and it is very unsurprising to find that the reconstructions of Lucy’s muscles demonstrates that she had greater muscle mass than a human, enabling her to move freely between these different environments.”

Paleoanthropologists have wondered about Lucy’s posture because her skeleton differs from modern humans.

Humans have a stable stance with fully straightened legs, but when chimpanzees stand upright, they can’t straighten their legs. They walk with a crouched posture due to their bent hips and knees, which is why chimps largely walk on all fours.

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free stock selection service with professional advisors offering the best investment portfolio for stable growth. The 3D model showed that the leverage of Lucy’sknee extensor musclesmeant that she could stand erect like modern humans.

“I was very surprised to find that the knee extensors (those muscles that produce and maintain a straight knee when you stand upright) were so comparable to the human,” Wiseman said. “This means that Lucy could stand and likely walk as efficiently as we can.”

why is icra limited (532835) rising ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Real-time global stock trend and futures data to help you plan investment strategies for long-term returns. Australopiths such as Lucy lived in an environment that included both open grasslands and dense forests, and had bodies adapted to thrive both on the ground and in trees.

“Lucy likely walked and moved in a way that we do not see in any living species today,” Wiseman said.

“If Lucy was a biped just like we are and walked exclusively on two legs, then she should be able to move in similar ways as we can,” Wiseman said.

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