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On one of his first trips to study wolves in Ethiopia in the late 1980s, biologist Claudio Sillero observed a highly unusual behavior: these local predators were deliberately licking the vibrant flowers of the red hot poker plant that grows in the country’s highlands.

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He and other scientists have informally observed Ethiopian wolves exhibiting this odd behavior over past few decades. Now, astudypublished in the journal Ecology in November and coauthored by Sillero documents it in detail for the first time and suggests that the wolves may even help to pollinate the distinctive flower.

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what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Get precise stock market predictions and free access to real-time market data for efficient decision-making and portfolio growth. Sillero and his colleagues followed six wolves from three different packs frequenting the flowers over four consecutive days from late May to early June — the start of the plant’s six-month blooming season. All six animals were reported to have licked the flowers, though the total time spent licking the flower heads varied a lot, from around one minute to 1.5 hours. The endangered predators are regularly monitored as part of theEthiopian Wolf Conservation Programme, founded by Sillero in 1995 following his first few visits to the region.

Ethiopian wolves almost exclusively prey on small rodents — the nectar simply supplements their meat-based diet, according to Sillero. Researchers have explained this dietary choice with “the dessert hypothesis,” a theory that describes how a species will make use of an extra resource that they enjoy, but don’t need, when it is available.

Other animals also enjoy the sweet-tasting nectar of the country’s highland flowers, he added, noting “baboons are very partial to them, mountain goats will go and have a go at them, domestic dogs will also partake.” After watching the local shepherd’s children playing with and licking the flowers, Sillero couldn’t resist trying them himself, describing them as “indeed very sweet and quite pleasant.”

what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Expert analysis of global stock trends, futures data, and real-time stock market quotes to help you plan your next investment move. The significant amount of pollen which accumulates on the wolves’ muzzles — and the fact that some individuals were seen visiting up to 30 different blooms in a single foray — could mean the wolves help pollinate the plant by transporting pollen from flower to flower, according to Sillero. It’s the first possible case of a large carnivore acting as a pollinator, the study noted.

what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Free real-time global stock trend updates to help you capture market movements and make better investment decisions. Red hot poker plants are thought to be largelypollinated by birds, according to Jeff Ollerton, a visiting professor at Northampton University in the United Kingdom and author of the book “Pollinators and Pollination,” who wasn’t involved in the research. “They’ve got quite brightly colored, often red or orange, tubular flowers, and lots and lots of nectar,” Ollerton, a pollination ecologist, said.

He suggested that the plants could also be benefiting from wolf-pollination, but not to a great extent.

“It’s not impossible… if they are pollinators, I think they probably play a much smaller role than the birds,” Ollerton said.

what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Professional investment advice with real-time updates on stock indices and futures data. Stay ahead with expert predictions and market insights. While red hot pokers can grow to 175 centimeters (5 feet 9 inches) tall, Ethiopian wolvesmeasure up toaround 60 centimeters (2 feet) in height and 100 centimeters (3 feet 3 inches) in length.

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Ollerton said that their smaller size may allow the wolves to access only the lowest flowers, which tend to be the oldest and those “that have either already been pollinated or have ceased to be reproductively viable.”

what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Real-time global stock market trend analysis to help you identify profitable opportunities and improve your investment strategies. Nevertheless, “mammal pollination is certainly under-documented,” Ollerton noted. “These observations are just the first step in really understanding whether (the wolves) are pollinators or not.”

what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Expert predictions on stock market movements with real-time data, ensuring you can make quick decisions and capture market opportunities. Among mammals, bats are considered the major pollinators. However, further work is still needed to find out whether the potential damage to flowers caused by non-flying mammals nectar-feeding outweighs the pollination benefits they provide to the plants.

Future wolf-related research could look at how consistently the predators pick up pollen on their muzzles and how often flowers are visited by each of the different pollinator species, Sillero said.

Endemic toEthiopia’s Afroalpine meadowsand living exclusively in a handful of isolated areas, just454 adult Ethiopian wolvesremain. The species has beenmost significantly impactedby habitat loss, driven by Ethiopia’s rapidly expanding population, and diseases transmitted from domestic dogs.

what is causing the price volatility of linde india limited (523457) ✌️【Market Analysis】✌️ Free access to real-time stock indices, futures data, and market predictions to help you select high-return stocks and build a profitable portfolio. Through research and the implementation of various conservation initiatives, the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme has helped to stabilize the wolf population, resulting in theIUCN changing their statusfrom “critically endangered” to “endangered” in 2004.

By engaging the public with exciting research — such as the discovery that Ethiopian wolves drink nectar — Sillero seeks to improve familiarity with thespecies.

“It’s an obvious model for conservation policy,” he said. WithAfrica’s rarest canidacting as a flagship species, Sillero hopes that wolf conservation measures will “trickle down into more effective protection to benefit biodiversity and local communities.

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