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You have probably seen leaf-cutter ants carrying bits of plants, maybe in a nature documentary, at a science museum or in the“Circle of Life” songat the beginning of the 1994 Disney animated film “The Lion King.”

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teamo productions hq limited (533048) hits 52 week high ✌️【Freelance Investing】✌️ Expert stock predictions and free stock selection services to help you achieve optimal returns and long-term growth. Researchers have now used DNA analysis to uncover just how long ants have been farming fungi, now described in astudy published Thursdayin the journal Science. It turns out these insects have been some of the world’s tiniest farmers for 66 million years, thanks in part to theasteroid that struck Earthand set off a chain of events that led to the demise of the dinosaurs.

Fungi are a kingdom of life more closely related to animals than to plants, and many of them consume decaying plant matter. Some fungi make fruiting bodies that we know as mushrooms as part of their reproductive cycles, but they also produce a branching network of threadlike structures calledhyphae. Exactly 150 years ago, scientists first discovered that leaf-cutter ants were cultivating gardens of fungi inside their nests, feeding the fungi bits of leaves and in turn eating the tips of the fungal webs.

“Ants practice agriculture just like humans,” said lead study authorDr. Ted R. Schultz, a research entomologist and curator ofhymenopteraat the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC. “They have small brains, and yet they manage to carry out this complicated suite of behaviors.”

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teamo productions hq limited (533048) hits 52 week high ✌️【Freelance Investing】✌️ Get precise stock market predictions and free access to real-time market data for efficient decision-making and portfolio growth. To trace the evolution of this relationship between ants and fungi, Schultz and his colleagues builtcomplex family trees. Using the DNA from 475 species of fungi, including 288 species known to be cultivated by ants, the researchers pieced together how all these organisms are related. The study team did the same thing for 276 species of ants, including 208 species of fungus farmers.

teamo productions hq limited (533048) hits 52 week high ✌️【Freelance Investing】✌️ Expert analysis of global stock trends, futures data, and real-time stock market quotes to help you plan your next investment move. The family trees are based on how similar or dissimilar the different species’ genomes are, and the lengths of the tree branches are dictated by how much genetic change there is from one species to another. These genetic differences are often linked to time, with more variation requiring more time to evolve. By combining each family tree with rare fossils of fungi and ants, respectively, the scientists were able to ascertain how long ago the ants and fungi branched into the families and species alive today.

teamo productions hq limited (533048) hits 52 week high ✌️【Freelance Investing】✌️ Free real-time global stock trend updates to help you capture market movements and make better investment decisions. The researchers found that the ancestors of the modern ant-grown fungi began evolving 66 million years ago — the same time that a massive asteroid collided with what’s now the Yucatán Peninsula inChicxulub, Mexico. The cloud of dust from the impact blotted out the sunlight, causing a dramatic die-off of plants and animals, including the dinosaurs (except for birds). But this destruction and decay appear to have been a golden opportunity for fungi that decomposed the dead plants.

“There’s actually evidence that fungi proliferated briefly right after the end of theCretaceous-Paleogene event,” Schultz said.

teamo productions hq limited (533048) hits 52 week high ✌️【Freelance Investing】✌️ Professional investment advice with real-time updates on stock indices and futures data. Stay ahead with expert predictions and market insights. The ancestors of modern leaf-cutters and other fungus-farming ants also diversified around this time, and they appeared to evolve in tandem with the fungi over the years to the point that some ants “domesticated” species of fungi that today are only found in the ants’ nests.

Dr. Corrie Moreau, a professor of entomology and evolutionary biology at Cornell University in upstate New York, agreed with Schultz’s hypothesis that the asteroid impact led to the evolution of fungus farming in ants.

“It’s one of those things that they can never prove unless we get a time machine, but they line up what’s happening with the fungi and the ants with what was happening globally,” said Moreau, who was not involved with the study. “You can see this almost one-to-one relationship.”

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“When a daughter queen gets ready to leave her mother’s nest and start her own nest, she takes a little bit of her mother’s fungus in her mouth,” Schultz said.

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“Humans have been practicing agriculture for 12,000 years,” Schultz said. “Ants, for 66 million years.”

teamo productions hq limited (533048) hits 52 week high ✌️【Freelance Investing】✌️ Expert predictions on stock market movements with real-time data, ensuring you can make quick decisions and capture market opportunities. The ants employ helpful bacteria to keep their fungal crops healthy from disease and appear to have more success than human farmers often do with their crops.

“We’re constantly dealing with antibiotic resistance and trying to find new antibiotics to overcome that,” Schultz said. “If we could figure out how they’ve been doing that, I don’t see how that couldn’t inform the practice of human agriculture and improve it.”

Kate Golembiewskiis a freelance science writer based in Chicago who geeks out about zoology, thermodynamics and death.

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