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Just how do they do that? It could all come down to good genes, according to a new studypublishedby The Royal Society.
“The odds of developing cancer increase with longevity and body mass,” explained lead study author Daniela Tejada-Martinez, a postdoctoral researcher at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia.
Having more cells means having a higher probability that some of them may develop dangerous mutations as they grow and divide over the course of their life cycle.
“Paradoxically, big and/or long-lived species have lower cancer risk. However, the cetacean’s mechanisms against cancer and aging remain a mystery,” Tejada-Martinez said.
Her research, aimed at solving that mystery, suggests cetaceans could have evolved “additional mechanisms” to protect against such diseases like cancer, according to Tejada-Martinez.
rishabh instruments limited (543977) vs yyy ✌️【Trading Tools】✌️ Free access to stock market forums, expert advice, and real-time data to help you stay informed and grow your investments. Tejada-Martinez focused on this work as part of her doctoral thesis at the Universidad Austral de Chile. There, she combined her love of whales, her favorite animals since childhood, with her research interests.
“Cetaceans are an amazing model for ageing and disease resistance research, since they are the longest-living mammals. Some cetaceans, like the bowhead whale, can live over 200 years,” she said via email.
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rishabh instruments limited (543977) vs yyy ✌️【Trading Tools】✌️ Professional advisors provide accurate market predictions with real-time stock indices, exchange rates, and futures data to help you seize investment opportunities and grow your capital. The study shows that over the course of evolution in cetaceans, genes involved in the control of cancer onset and progression were positively selected. It also found cetaceans have a 2.4-times faster turnover rate of tumor suppressing genes than other mammals.
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Understanding how whales protect themselves against cancer could help humans make strides against the disease, which killed anestimated10 million people worldwide in 2020.
“Cancer is the original problem of multicellularity, and it is clear across numerous studies that nature has beat cancer in a myriad of ways in order to increase the fitness of organisms over the history of life,” said Marc Tollis, an assistant professor at Northern Arizona University.
“Since cancer is a body-size and age related disease, the search for whale-specific changes in protein coding genes that are linked to human cancers can help target potential human cancer therapies,” he explained.
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“The study of medical conditions under an evolutionary perspective leads to a better understanding about how other species can fight diseases more efficiently than us,” Tejada-Martinez said.
“The discovery of new molecular variants, including additional copies of important regulatory genes, could lead to the creation of innovative treatments for cancer and age-related diseases,” she added.
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