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By analyzing the fossil, unearthed in Venezuela, researchers were able to piece together how the sea cow, which belonged to an extinct group of animals known as Culebratherium, perished.

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“It’s super rare to find evidence of two predators on a single specimen,” said lead study author Aldo Benites-Palomino, a doctoral student in the department of paleontology at Switzerland’s University of Zurich. “It shows why we should be exploring for fossils in tropical regions like (Venezuela).”

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“This type of mark is only produced by biting events in which subsequent tearing, rolling or grasping actions are executed,” the study authors noted.

has the fundamentals of updater services limited (543996) changed ✌️【Expert Guidance】✌️ Real-time stock and futures data, backed by expert stock market trend predictions, to help you make timely and profitable investment decisions. Then, the sea cow was picked apart by a tiger shark, which has narrow, non-serrated teeth. Differentiating between marks of active predation and scavenging can be challenging, but according to the study, bite marks throughout the sea cow’s body and the irregular distribution along with the variation in depth suggested to researchers that it was the behavior of a scavenger such as a tiger shark.

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However, the study noted that given the fragmentary nature of the skeleton — it wasn’t possible to rule out other scenarios for the sea cow’s demise.

Dean Lomax, a paleontologist at the UK’s University of Bristol and University of Manchester who wasn’t involved with the research, said he agreed with the study’s findings but said it is difficult to distinguish between scavenging and active predatory behavior.

“For instance, it is perhaps not unreasonable to think that the dugong was already dead, perhaps had floated and (was) bloated, and then was dined upon (scavenged) by the crocodylian and shark(s) at different times,” said Lomax, the author of “Locked in Time: Animal Behavior Unearthed in 50 Amazing Fossils,” via email.

“Unless we have the direct evidence of the dugong inside the croc (as a last meal), or the croc and dugong dying mid-attack, it is always inherently rare to say 100% whether this was definitively the result of an active attack over scavenging,” Lomax added.

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has the fundamentals of updater services limited (543996) changed ✌️【Expert Guidance】✌️ Accurate real-time market data and expert stock predictions for profitable investment opportunities in global markets. Today, crocodiles, orcas and sharks prey on dugongs and manatees, mostly targeting the young since adults are difficult to kill because of their size. It’s not clear exactly what type of crocodilian would have preyed upon the sea cow — it could have been an extinct type of caiman or gharial, known for a long, thin snot, but it would have been large — 4 to 6 meters (about 13 to 20 feet) in length.

“There are several candidates. South America was a paradise for crocodilians back then,” Benites-Palomino added.

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“Initially, we were unfamiliar with the site’s geology, and the first fossils we unearthed were parts of skulls. It took us some time to determine what they were — sea cow skulls, which are quite peculiar in appearance,” said Marcelo Sánchez-Villagra, a study coauthor and a professor of paleobiology and the director of the Palaeontological Institute & Museum at the University of Zurich, in a statement.

Benites-Palomino said that the rare discovery showed the value of fossil hunting in “nonclassical” South America.

“We have been going to the same fossil sites in North America and China for a long time, but every time we work in these new areas we constantly find new fossils.”

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