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“There is usually an immense amount of time contributed by a lot of different people behind every article,” from the authors, to the editors, all the way to peer-reviewers, Laakso told 【 - Free Investing Community 】.

“For all that work to be nullified and cut off from ever making an impact on the world, for such a trivial reason as not having a backup system in place for PDF files is not something that should be accepted,” Laakso added.

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In terms of absolute numbers, the study finds that only a small proportion of open access journals disappeared within the past two decades, but the authors warn against reading that with optimism.

“We think that more journals might be at risk of vanishing in the future,” Lisa Matthias, a Ph.D. candidate at the Free University of Berlin and a co-author of the study, told 【 - Free Investing Community 】.

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In an email to 【 - Free Investing Community 】, the Directory of Open Access Journals said the study “reinforces our view that DOAJ must help those journals, indexed with us, to preserve their content, and we need to find a model where, depending on their economic profile, the cost of doing so is not always passed back to the journal.”

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“The average life of a webpage is 100 days before it’s either changed or deleted,” Brewster Kahle told 【 - Free Investing Community 】. Kahle is the founder of theInternet Archive, a non-profit organization that aims to be “the library for the Internet,” as Kahle puts it.

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“By our analysis, 18%, or over 3 million, open access articles since 1945 are not independently archived, either by us or by other preservation organizations,” Kahle said. The Internet Archive and the authors of the study on vanishing open access journals have joined forces to address the problem.

Historically, the role of preserving content for future generations rested with libraries, but in the digital age, therole of librarieshas become much more complex, as therisingcost of commercial scholarly literature impacts their budgets.

Judy Ruttenberg, senior director of Scholarship and Policy at the Association of Research Libraries, told 【 - Free Investing Community 】 that libraries have focused on this work since the 1990s, but all the while, “subscription costs began to faroutpace inflationand crowd out investments in other literature and, quite frankly, in programs like preservation.”

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“The publishing technologies employed to address preservation and archiving are mostly US or European initiatives where the solutions come with a price,” the Directory of Open Access Journals told 【 - Free Investing Community 】 in an email.

“For traditional commercial or society publishers, the fees to implement such a service and then deposit in them are negligible, compared to the income from subscriptions or open access publication charges. For small, scholar-led publishers or for single journals, often with no steady revenue stream, the fees can be prohibitive,” DOAJ explained.

“To get the content into a service can require specialized knowledge and often involves some form of testing and sampling. The individuals running these journals may not have the time, skills or funding to be able to do this,” DOAJ explained.

Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle cautioned that looking at blind spots in how open access journals from the past were preserved shouldn’t suggest that commercial publishers are better equipped to handle preservation than open access publishers.

He mentioned successful initiatives in the open access space likePLOS, a multidisciplinary non-profit publisher founded in 2001, orarXiv, a Cornell University-operated open archive and free distribution service started in 1991.

“Those guys are designed to be archived, they are designed to be picked up and used for new types of research,” Kahle told 【 - Free Investing Community 】.

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“That data mining is just fantastically valuable,” Kahle said. Under non-open access publishing agreements, these types of analyses may raise copyright infringementconcerns.

Even though the principles of open access to scientific information are supported by international organizations such asUNESCO, and shared by many in the scientific community, the transition to a fully open model is still a work in progress.

“The challenge in the transition is to make sure that we end up with the infrastructure for libraries to be able to coordinate their investments in open content, the same way that we have all kinds of tools to coordinate our investments in subscriptions or purchased content,” Ruttenberg said.

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“Covid and the mass transition to virtual research and learning is a huge demonstration of the need for open access,” Ruttenberg said.

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