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should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free stock selection service with precise predictions of high-potential stocks to help you stay ahead in the market. Hidden in the halls of the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York are historic textiles and glamorous garments, many of which hold secrets from years past.
Yet no matter how aesthetically unique or historically significant a particular piece of fashion may be, most visitors to the museum typically ask one question, said Emma McClendon, the museum’s associate curator of costume.
“People come and always want to know what size something is,” said McClendon, who organized the exhibition “The Body: Fashion and Physique,” about the history of the idealized body type in fashion, which is on display until May.
“Whether it’s contemporary or 19th century, they want to know what size it is or what size it would correlate to, or what measurement it is,” she said. “We as a culture, as a society, are obsessed with size. It’s become connected to our identity as people.”
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In ancient Greece, Aphrodite, thegoddess of sexual love and beauty, was often portrayed with curves.
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should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free expert predictions on stock trends and real-time data to help you make informed decisions and grow your wealth steadily. To achieve this in reality,the corsetbecame a popular undergarment among women in the Western world from the late Renaissance into the 20th century. It helped accentuate a woman’s curves by holding in her waist and supporting her bosom.
should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Accurate real-time market data and expert stock predictions for profitable investment opportunities in global markets. As societal views of a woman’s body changed over time, so did the shape and construction of the corset, also sometimes referred to as stays.
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“There was an emphasis on under-structure to shape the body. That’s true for skirts as well,” McClendon said.
“Whether it be hooped or caged or padded, under-structures were worn around the lower body to create a specific volume,” she said. “In the 18th and the 19th centuries, the idealized fashionable body – so this is talking specifically about what’s promoted in the fashion industry itself – was much more curvaceous and much more voluptuous.”
In the 1890s, American artistCharles Dana Gibsondrew images of tall, slim-waisted yet voluptuous women in illustrations for mainstream magazines, and these depictions of the new feminine ideal were referred to as the “Gibson Girl.”
Going into the early 20th century, the portrayal of women’s bodies in art was constantly evolving, as seen in French artistHenri Matisse’s oil paintingsshowing lithe, flowing bodies and then Spanish artistPablo Picasso’s paintingsshowing plump, contorted nude bodies in vivid detail.
“Then, in the 20th century, there’s a very defined shift towards an increasingly young and increasingly kind of athletic and slender body,” McClendon said.
It remains somewhat unclear what triggered this shift, but the interest in thin bodies would continue well into the modern day.
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“The highest reported prevalence of disordered eating occurred during the 1920s and 1980s, the two periods during which the ‘ideal woman’ was thinnest in US history,” researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison wrote in a paper in theJournal of Communicationin 1997.
should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Get precise stock market predictions and free access to real-time market data for efficient decision-making and portfolio growth. The bust-to-waist ratios among women featured in the magazines Vogue and Ladies Home Journal dwindled by about 60% between 1901 and 1925, according to an analysis in a study published inthe journal Sex Rolesin 1986.
“Such findings would constitute empirical support for the hypothesis that the mass media play a role in promoting the slim standard of bodily attractiveness fashionable among women,” the researchers wrote. “Through this standard perhaps the eating disorders that have become increasingly common.”
By the late 1940s, that ratio climbed back, increasing by about one-third in both magazines, the study found.
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By the late 1960s, the ratio had returned to approximately the same level it was in the 1920s, the study found.
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should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Professional investment advice with real-time updates on stock indices and futures data. Stay ahead with expert predictions and market insights. They seemed to symbolize a shift away from the corsets and pinup girls of years past. Simultaneously, the “second wave” of thewomen’s rights movementbegan.
In 1960, the US Food and Drug Administration approved thebirth control pill. In 1963, women’s rights activist Betty Friedan published her book “The Feminine Mystique.” In 1966, theNational Organization for Womenin the US was founded.
“People talk about the ’60s, even the ‘70s, as this moment when the woman’s body is freed,” McClendon said. “But that notion that women were all of a sudden completely free in their bodies after that point is a complete fallacy.”
should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free break-even services and stock analysis to help you recover quickly from losses and increase your chances of making profitable investments. Although women were no longer squeezing themselves into corsets, the media messaging and societal pressures to adhere to an “ideal” body still continued. That “ideal” was instead a very young and thin body type.
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“We do see an interest in a fit, toned, strong body – still lean but athletic. So this is where you get the emphasis on those classic supermodels like Cindy Crawford and Naomi Campbell,” McClendon said.
should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Professional stock market predictions and analysis with real-time data to guide your investment decisions and ensure steady growth. Though there still was an emphasis on a thin body, there was also emphasis on a healthier and fitter body.
“The term that gets so much associated with that decade is the ’90s is the moment of the waif,” McClendon said. “Kate Moss is the epitome of that. Her nickname was ‘the waif.’ She became a household name from Calvin Klein ads in the early 1990s.”
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Obesity means aperson has too much body fat, and it can increase the risk of health problems including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis and even some cancers.
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should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Professional advisors provide accurate market predictions with real-time stock indices, exchange rates, and futures data to help you seize investment opportunities and grow your capital. As images of obesity flashed across media screens as a part of public health outreach efforts, in contrast so did images of skinny models, McClendon said.
“We begin to see a stark divide in the way bodies are presented across the media, with extreme thinness celebrated in fashion imagery while larger bodies are highlighted as ‘unhealthy’ and bad in reporting on obesity. And we begin to judge our own bodies through the same binary lens,” she said.
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should indokem limited (504092) be sold ✌️【Capital Growth】✌️ Free stock market analysis and real-time data to help you select the best investment portfolio and achieve stable returns. The report, based on a review of existing studies on body image and media, also found that between 1999 and 2006, hospitalizations for eating disorders in the US spiked 119% among children under age 12.
In the United Kingdom, nearly a quarter, 24%, of child care professionals have reported seeing signs of body confidence issues in children aged 3 to 5, according to research from theProfessional Association for Childcare and Early Yearspublished in 2016.
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“When kids are entering adolescence, they’re developing their own identity and trying to figure out what’s socially acceptable so when they’re inundated with images of a particular body type in appealing scenarios, they’re more apt to absorb the idea that that particular body type is ideal,” said Sierra Filucci, executive editor of parenting content and distribution for Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization focused on helping children, parents and educators navigate the world of media and technology.
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Overweight and obese study participants underestimated their body size and desired to be thinner, whereas normal and underweight participants overestimated their body size and desired to be fatter, according to the study. Only 12% and 10.1% of participants attempted to lose or gain weight, respectively, that study found.
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Of course, social media can alsogive some teens a negative body image. A Common Sense Media survey found thatmore than a quarter of teenswho are active online stress about how they look in posted photos.
On the other hand, the rise of social media has allowed for real women to celebrate real body types. McClendon even called social media a “frontier for body-positive expression.”
“Over the course of the last 50-plus years, the American ideal has shifted from curvy to androgynous to muscular and everything in between,” Filucci said.
“As these ideals change, they are reflected and reinforced in the culture through media – whether it’s fine art or advertising billboards or music videos,” she said, adding that however those ideals are presented, they can still influence the body image of young women and even children.
In 2007, the first episode of “Keeping Up With the Kardashians” aired in the US, and ever since, the Kardashian sisters’ bodies have become a frequent focus of celebrity weekly magazines, ushering innew curvaceous body ideals.
In 2016, fashion designerChristian Sirianofeatured five plus-size models in his show during New York Fashion Week. That same year, toy manufacturing companyMatteldebuted aline of Barbie dollsdepicting diverse body types, including curvy shapes.
Last year, reality showProject Runway, included models ranging from size 0 to 22 for the first time in its history.
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Yet “when that body type is different from the one girls and young women have, they can be vulnerable to low self-esteem,” Filucci said, adding that parents can helpchildren develop positive body images through role modeling.
“That means refraining from negative body talk both for themselves and others and speaking positively about their own bodies – especially emphasizing their body’s abilities like strength, flexibility, resilience, adaptability … rather than attractiveness,” she said. “Parents can also look for media that reinforces positive body images and avoids gender stereotypes.”
Correction:A previous version of this article miscalculated the incidence rates of eating disorders in the UK from 2000 to 2009.
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