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my portfolio pratik ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Receive professional stock analysis with real-time updates on market movements. Make quick investment decisions and capitalize on profitable opportunities. The huge cargo ships that criss-cross the world’s oceans sometimes leave “tracks” in their wake — long, wispy clouds that trail through the sky, lasting for a handful of days at most before disappearing.

my portfolio pratik ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Gain access to professional investment advice, free market trend analysis, and real-time stock market data. Make informed decisions and unlock the full potential of your investments with expert predictions and guidance. These ghost clouds look beautiful, but they are a visible sign of deadly air pollution. They form when tiny sulfur dioxide particles belched out from ships’ smokestacks interact with water vapor in the atmosphere, creating low-lying, highly reflective clouds.

my portfolio pratik ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Expert market analysis and predictions for India, US, and European stocks. Stay updated with real-time data on stock indices, futures, and commodities to help you make informed, timely investment decisions. Ships’ sulfur pollution causestens of thousandsof premature deaths a year. But in what may seem a cruel twist — especially from an industry responsible foraround 3%of global greenhouse gas emissions — this typeofpollution also helps cool the planet by brightening clouds and reflecting the sun’s energy away from the Earth.

my portfolio pratik ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Free access to professional investment advisors who provide real-time market data and trend analysis. Select top-performing stocks and boost your capital with expert strategies for market growth. So, when in 2020 the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations body regulating shipping, slashed sulfur content permitted in ships’ fuelby 80%, it was a victory for human health. Anestimated 30,000 premature deathswill now be avoided each year.

But it was “a silver cloud with a dark lining,” said Michael Diamond, assistant professor at Florida State University’s Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science. The regulations ended a vast, accidental geoengineering project. Ship tracksreduced sharply, and with them, the cooling impact of this pollution.

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It’s a debate made more urgent by last year’srecord-breakingheat. “Scientists are amazed at the outlier that 2023 was,” said Olaf Morgenstern, a scientist at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in New Zealand.

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my portfolio pratik ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Expert guidance on stock market trends and real-time updates on stock indices, futures, and exchange rates. Make well-informed decisions and plan the best investment strategies for capital growth. Scientists say the surge in global temperature was primarily driven by two factors: theimpacts of El Niño, a natural climate phenomenon that tends to have a global heating impact, combined with the backdrop of long-term global warming caused by burning fossil fuels.

But some have speculatedtheheat spiked so abnormally high that other influences may also be at play. Theories include a lack of sunlight-reflecting dust from the Sahara, a change in wind patterns, and the January 2022eruption of the Hunga Tonga underwater volcano, which injected enough planet-warming water vapor into the atmosphere to fill58,000 Olympic-size swimming pools.

Of all of the theories, however, the impact of shipping regulations is swiftly becoming one of the most discussed. Scientists have long known that reducing this particle pollution would have a warming effect, but by how much “is where the controversy starts,” Morgenstern said.

In November, the prominent climatescientist James Hansen co-authored a paper which argued the curtailing ofshipping pollution was the main driverof an alarming acceleration in global warming that goes beyond what climate models have predicted.

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But other scientists have urged caution, not least because the relationship between pollution particles andclouds is extremely complex. Unraveling it is “one of the biggest challenges in climate science,” Diamond said.

Piers Forster, a professor of climate physics at Leeds University in the UK, said the reduction in shipping pollution is likelyto have a very small warming influence.

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my portfolio pratik ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Real-time stock and futures data, backed by expert stock market trend predictions, to help you make timely and profitable investment decisions. According to Forster’s calculations, the regulations will increase global warming by around 0.01 degrees Celsius, which could grow to about 0.05 degrees by 2050 — equivalent toaround two additional yearsof human-caused emissions.

However, he added, the uncertain effect of the pollution on clouds means there’s a possibility the warming impact could be much larger — an additional 0.1 or 0.2 degrees by 2050.

Diamond, whose own work estimates the regulations will bring levels of warming over the next few decades of between 0.05 and 0.1 degrees, said this heat won’t be “a showstopper” but is important. Every fraction of a degree matters when the world is hurtling towardslevels of warmingto which evenhumans will increasingly struggle to adapt.

Diamond, along with most of the other scientists 【 - Free Consultation 】 spoke to, doesn’t believe the decline in shipping pollution was a major factor in last year’s global heat, not least because there is usually a time lag before changes in the atmosphere are reflected in the Earth’s temperature.

“But I think it could have mattered quite a bit more regionally,” he said. Shipping is unevenly distributed, with much of it concentrated between Europe, North America and Asia, meaning air pollution impacts are also likely to be skewed.

In areas such as the North Atlantic, where temperatures soared several degrees above usual in 2023, Diamond said, “shipping is a decent explanation for part of why that was so warm.”

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But it is clear that particle pollution from all sources, including burning fossil fuels, has had a cooling impact. Without it, the world would beabout 0.4 degrees hotter, according to a 2021 report from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. And pollution decreases in the future could have a big impact.

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But this is not an argument against cutting air pollution, Diamond said, it’s an argument for tackling it alongside reducing carbon emissions.

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“We must not forget why the regulation exists,” Forster said. “It is there to save lives from air pollution.” While reducing this pollution will have a small warming impact, immediate action to reduce emissions will both slash the rate of global warming and improve air quality, he said. We are not “on some doomed trajectory,” he added.

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