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In parts of Northern California, vole infestations have been observed. At the research site, the study’s authors noted a significantly higher number of voles than average over the past decade. California ground squirrels have typically been considered herbivores or granivores, eating mostly plants and seeds. The new findings offer the first documentation of the species actively preying on other live vertebrates — underscoring its ability to respond to changes in the ecosystem.
“This research radically changes our perception of squirrels, one of the most familiar mammals in the world,” said lead study author Jennifer Smith, associate professor of biology at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, via email. “In the face of human insults such as climate change and drought, these animals are resilient and have the potential to adapt to live in a changing world.”
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“We already knew that (California ground squirrels) could live (in) a range of elevations and feed (on) a breadth of plants but what is most striking and incredible is the speed at which they shifted their behavior to this local surge in vole abundance,” Smith said.
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“Voles (have come to) recognize the squirrels as predators,” said John Koprowski, dean of the Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources at the University of Wyoming, who was not involved in the study. “There’s likely some really neat interplay between the two species because being eaten is usually not a great way to continue passing on your genes.”
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“It’s a wonderful way for them to capitalize on a very abundant resource … to provide enough sustenance for many (squirrels) to use,” he said.
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“Animals can either adapt or go extinct in a human-impacted world,” Smith said. “These animals are showing … us the incredible resilience of some species and by studying these processes we can offer meaningful insights for conservation.”
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